Hybrid 3D Printing of Functional Smart Hinges

Smart hinges fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) printing have been accepted in the aerospace, robotics, and biomedical fields since these devices possess a shape memory characteristic. Shape polymers (SMPs) are preferred materials for creating smart due to their ability achieve programmable complex geometries. However, fabricating SMPs with embedded components remains challenge constraints of current 3D methods material limitations. This study investigated use hybrid method, direct ink writing (DIW), (e-3DP) print an circuit act as strain sensor. The main SMP included tert-Butyl acrylate (tBA) aliphatic urethane diacrylate (AUD), but this had low viscosity could not be used DIW or e-3DP. Fumed silica (FS) was added tune its rheology, it shown that FS concentration significantly affected rheological properties, dry-out process, filament geometries, self-supporting capabilities. presents approach internal sensors one step, demonstrating versatility DIW/e-3DP. findings from work provide foundational reliable technical solution efficiently fabricate functional, self-monitoring, diverse applications.